How every number on this page is set
What this standard coversCovers teethers and teething toys a child mouths. General children’s toys without a mouthing-specific role are certified under Category 21 (Children’s Toys).
Teething toys/teethers is a contact product, not a food. Its heavy-metal limits are element migration limits from the material a child mouths (EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC Category III scraped-off; ASTM F963; the EN 71-3 test standard): not dietary maximum levels. The standard for each analyte is the strictest limit set by any credible government regulator for this product in its own basis: a lookup of sovereign law, with the measured quantity stated on every row. Where no instrument directly governs the exact product form, a pacifier is excluded from the Toy Safety Directive, a disposable diaper from the REACH textile restriction, the limit is read across from the nearest applicable sovereign limit and labelled as a read-across, never asserted as direct governance. Migration limits (what leaves the article into saliva or food) and total-content limits (how much metal the article contains) are different quantities measured by different methods; they are published as separate ceilings and never combined into one number. A certified product meets every applicable limit at once, each on a like-for-like basis.
Inorganic arsenic and methylmercury are not published for this category: they are ingestion-and-bioaccumulation speciation forms with no migration counterpart in a contact article, and the total-element ceilings (total arsenic, total mercury) bound them. Where a cell is marked not material, no regulator sets a limit and no exposure pathway exists; the determination is recorded, not left blank.
Master Limit Table
Limits in mg/kg, in the basis named on each row. “ND” means not detectable at the regulation’s stated detection limit: the strictest possible ceiling. Sub-rows (↳) are companion ceilings in a different basis that also apply. Every claim analyte is equal at the gate. A product is certified only when every analyte is at or below 100% of its published government floor or disclosed read-across; above the limit, on any metal, it is not certified and carries no mark. Antimony is regulated in the toy-migration instruments and screened, but is not one of the ten HMTc certification analytes.
| Analyte | HMTc limit | Basis | Strictest government | Rationale | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead (Pb) | 23 | element migration, scraped-off toy material (mg/kg) | European Union | regulatory-alignment | |
| ↳ Total-lead content ceiling (children's-product law) | 90 | total lead content (mg/kg of product) | Washington State | companion ceiling | |
| Arsenic, total (tAs) | 25 | element migration, scraped-off toy material (mg/kg) | United States (ASTM F963 / CPSIA) | regulatory-alignment | |
| Cadmium (Cd) | 17 | element migration, scraped-off toy material (mg/kg) | European Union | regulatory-alignment | |
| ↳ Total-cadmium content ceiling (children's-product law) | 40 | total cadmium content (mg/kg of product) | Washington State | companion ceiling | |
| Mercury, total (tHg) | 60 | element migration, scraped-off toy material (mg/kg) | United States (ASTM F963 / CPSIA) | regulatory-alignment | |
| Nickel (Ni) | 930 | element migration, scraped-off toy material (mg/kg) | European Union | regulatory-alignment | |
| Aluminium (Al) | 28130 | element migration, scraped-off toy material (mg/kg) | European Union | regulatory-alignment | |
| Chromium VI (Cr-VI) | 0.053 | element migration, scraped-off toy material (mg/kg) | European Union | regulatory-alignment | |
| Tin (Sn) | 180000 | element migration, scraped-off toy material (mg/kg) | European Union | regulatory-alignment |
Screened, not limited
All ten HMTc certification analytes are accounted for. The analytes below carry no published ceiling for this product because no exposure pathway and no government limit exist; each determination is recorded here rather than left as a silent gap. They are screened during certification, not certified against a number.
| Analyte | Why it carries no ceiling for this product |
|---|---|
| Inorganic arsenic (iAs) | Contact-product arsenic limits regulate total arsenic; no toy-safety instrument sets an inorganic-arsenic limit. Bounded by the tAs migration ceiling. |
| Methylmercury (MeHg) | Methylmercury has no formation or migration pathway in a teether. Bounded by the tHg migration ceiling. |
Derivation: every government value, side by side
Each row lists every government limit weighed for this analyte in the governing basis, converted to mg/kg; the HMTc limit is the strictest of them. Companion total-content ceilings appear in the Master Limit Table above, not here, because they are a different measured quantity.
| Analyte | Government limits considered (mg/kg) | HMTc | Binds |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead (Pb) | European Union 23 · United States (ASTM F963 / CPSIA) 90 · Mexico 90 | 23 | European Union |
| Arsenic, total (tAs) | United States (ASTM F963 / CPSIA) 25 · Mexico 25 · European Union 47 | 25 | United States (ASTM F963 / CPSIA) |
| Cadmium (Cd) | European Union 17 · United States (ASTM F963 / CPSIA) 75 · Mexico 75 | 17 | European Union |
| Mercury, total (tHg) | United States (ASTM F963 / CPSIA) 60 · Mexico 60 · European Union 94 | 60 | United States (ASTM F963 / CPSIA) |
| Nickel (Ni) | European Union 930 | 930 | European Union |
| Aluminium (Al) | European Union 28130 | 28130 | European Union |
| Chromium VI (Cr-VI) | European Union 0.053 | 0.053 | European Union |
| Tin (Sn) | European Union 180000 | 180000 | European Union |
Cite this standard
Pendergrass, K. “Teething toys/teethers.” In Heavy Metal Tested & Certified (HMTc) Infant and Child Contact Products standard, version 1.0 (2026-08-10). Institute of Contaminant Standards (ICS), 2026.
The evidence each limit is applied to lives on the independent Heavy Metal Index; HMTc cites it one way and never the reverse. HMTc standards are living, versioned documents; this page reflects 1.0 (2026-08-10).
Source regulations
Every government regulation weighed to set this standard, evaluated against each other in the correct basis. The strictest applicable limit binds each analyte; basis is never conflated across families.
| # | Regulation | Instrument | Basis | Role in this standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [European Commission](https://heavymetalindex.com/regulations/ Annex I item 16); EN 71-3 test basis) | Migration limit | acid-soluble migration from material | Binds one or more migration/extraction limits |
| 2 | Washington Children’s Safe Product Act | Content limit | total content | Companion total-content ceiling |
| 3 | ASTM F963 (mandatory under CPSIA s.106) | Migration limit | acid-soluble migration from material | Binds one or more migration/extraction limits |