How every number on this page is set
Category 5 carries two native bases and the compiler is configured never to mix them. A ready-to-drink beverage is certified in the as-consumed liquid basis at single strength, and a concentrate is assessed as reconstituted to single strength, which is the basis EU 2023/915 and Codex CXS 193 already write into their juice cells and Hong Kong Cap 132V Note 11 writes into its beverage entries. A dry leaf, dry botanical, roasted bean or beverage powder is certified in the as-sold dry-commodity basis, because that is the article the applicant packages and the lot the auditor samples. No brewing, extraction, dilution or reconstitution factor is invented in either direction: the tea-leaf lead maximum level is never applied to a brewed cup, and a ready-to-drink beverage maximum level is never applied to a dry leaf. Where a government instrument writes the product-form split itself, HMTc preserves it rather than collapsing it: Hong Kong Cap 132V sets Tea, Green, Black at 5000 ug/kg as sold against tea beverages made from it at 200 ug/kg as consumed, and coffee beans at 500 ug/kg as sold against coffee beverages at 200 ug/kg as consumed. Two consequences of the method are disclosed rather than engineered away. The rice-based drink row is LOOSER on inorganic arsenic (30 ug/kg, EU 2023/915 section 3.4.1.6) than the juice rows (20 ug/kg, and 10 ug/kg for apple-containing juice), because the EU assessed that exact commodity and set that exact number. And several formulated-beverage rows carry a lead ceiling of 200 ug/kg because Hong Kong Cap 132V is the only credible sovereign that regulates those forms at all, while the flavoured-water row carries 5 ug/kg because the packaged-drinking-water quality standards do reach a product that is water plus flavour. Those spreads are applicability judgements, each recorded on the face of the cell, and only the endogenous Standards Ratchet in Governance Policy section 12 may lower any of them.
Master Limit Table
All values in ppb (µg/kg), as-sold basis. 1 of 11 analytes carry a firm ceiling; the remainder are governed by mandatory control or reflex-speciation screening with no standalone number, itemised in the derivation below. A brand meeting every firm value on a like-for-like basis, and passing every control, qualifies for the mark.
| Analyte | Tier | HMTc limit | Binding basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead (Pb) | Tier 1 | 500 | strictest government ML (Hong Kong) |
| Inorganic arsenic (iAs) | Tier 1 | control | mandatory control — no government ML; screened every lot (see note) |
| Total arsenic (tAs) | Tier 2 | control | mandatory control — no government ML; screened every lot (see note) |
| Mercury, total (tHg) | Tier 1 | control | mandatory control — no government ML; screened every lot (see note) |
| Methylmercury (MeHg) | Tier 1 | n/m | not material — controlled analyte (see note) |
| Cadmium (Cd) | Tier 1 | control | mandatory control — no government ML; screened every lot (see note) |
| Hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI) | Tier 2 | control | mandatory control — no government ML; screened every lot (see note) |
| Nickel (Ni) | Tier 2 | control | mandatory control — no government ML; screened every lot (see note) |
| Tin (Sn) | Tier 2 | control | mandatory control — no government ML; screened every lot (see note) |
| Aluminium (Al) | Tier 2 | control | mandatory control — no government ML; screened every lot (see note) |
| Total chromium (Cr) | Tier 2 | control | mandatory control — no government ML; screened every lot (see note) |
Tier 1 (Pb, iAs, Hg, MeHg, Cd) are zero-tolerance toxics with no established safe threshold. Tier 2 (tAs, Cr-VI, Ni, Sn, Al, Cr) carry a 150% transitional allowance under the program’s Status A–E framework.
Derivation — every government’s number, side by side
The full derivation for Coffee. Each row lists every government maximum level in force worldwide, converted to the as-sold basis; the HMTc limit is the strictest of them, and the last column names which sovereign law binds. A blank cell means that government sets no limit for this analyte in this product.
| Analyte | HMTc | Binds |
|---|---|---|
| Lead (Pb) | 500 | Hong Kong |
| Inorganic arsenic (iAs) | control&sup4; | screened |
| Total arsenic (tAs) | control&sup4; | screened |
| Mercury, total (tHg) | control&sup4; | screened |
| Methylmercury (MeHg) | n/m³ | controlled |
| Cadmium (Cd) | control&sup4; | screened |
| Hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI) | control&sup4; | screened |
| Nickel (Ni) | control&sup4; | screened |
| Tin (Sn) | control&sup4; | screened |
| Aluminium (Al) | control&sup4; | screened |
| Total chromium (Cr) | control&sup4; | screened |
All values µg/kg (ppb), as-sold basis. ² no government regulates this analyte for this exact product form: the value is a disclosed read-across from the nearest applicable government maximum, and the derivation names the instrument it comes from. It is never taken from occurrence data. After publication the standards ratchet may tighten it, using certified-lot results only. ³ not material in this matrix: controlled by reflex speciation or packaging control, not a standalone number. &sup4; no sovereign maximum exists for this analyte in this product, but a credible exposure pathway does — it is screened on every lot under ALARA against the tightest analogous reference, not assigned an invented number.
Occurrence and derivation rationale
For each analyte on the panel: what the peer-reviewed and survey literature measured in this category, cited one way to the Heavy Metal Index, and the Method v2.0 reasoning behind the certification limit — including, where no government sets a number, why the program sets one anyway. Occurrence figures are literature findings; the derivation is the certifier's.
15 studies in the corpus measured lead in Coffee (884 samples reported across those studies): Demir 2025, Domagalska 2025, Salaheldin 2025, Pokorskaniewiada 2024, Berego 2023, Biondicfuckar 2023, Guadalupe 2023, Noor 2023 and 7 more.
HMTc sets 500 ppb (regulatory-alignment): the strictest applicable government maximum level for this product form, adopted under Method v2.0 as the default certification standard. Why lead is limited →
The corpus holds 6 measurements of total arsenic in Coffee (399 samples reported across those studies), which the determination below is tested against: Demir 2025, Domagalska 2025, Salaheldin 2025, Biondicfuckar 2023, Zergui 2023, Kowalska 2021.
HMTc sets no standalone total arsenic limit for Coffee. No credible sovereign sets a total-arsenic maximum level for coffee. Regulators write beverage arsenic limits on the inorganic species (EU 2023/915 section 3.4.4 fruit juices at 20 ug/kg and section 3.4.1.6 non-alcoholic rice-based drinks at 30 ug/kg; the US FDA apple-juice action level at 10 ug/kg) and write unspeciated arsenic limits only in the packaged-water and public-water-supply schedules, which are Category 8 instruments. No sovereign writes an inorganic-arsenic cell for coffee either, so both arsenic cells in this row are controls and the escalation rule carries the obligation. Total arsenic is therefore mandatory on every lot as the parent screen and no total-arsenic ceiling is invented. The analyte is controlled by Total arsenic by ICP-MS on every certified lot. Inorganic-arsenic speciation (HPLC-ICP-MS) is reflexed whenever total arsenic exceeds 50 percent of this row's inorganic-arsenic ceiling, or 20 ug/kg where this row publishes no inorganic-arsenic number. Species never substitute for the total: the iAs result does not satisfy the tAs reporting requirement, not a standalone number. Why total arsenic is limited →
The corpus holds 3 measurements of cadmium in Coffee (63 samples reported across those studies), which the determination below is tested against: Zergui 2023, Abraheem 2022, Kowalska 2021.
HMTc sets no standalone cadmium limit for Coffee. No credible sovereign sets a cadmium maximum level for coffee. No credible sovereign sets a cadmium maximum level for coffee in any form. Hong Kong Cap 132V names the commodity for lead but not for cadmium, and EU 2023/915, Codex CXS 193, FSANZ Schedule 19 and Health Canada set no coffee cell at all. There is no commodity family close enough to supply a defensible read-across without an invented processing factor. No near-neighbour read-across is supportable, so the fail-safe disposition is a control: cadmium testing is mandatory on every certified lot and no ceiling is invented from occurrence data. The analyte is controlled by Cadmium by ICP-MS on every certified lot, reported on the certificate. A result above 10 ug/kg in a ready-to-drink form, or above 100 ug/kg in a dry form, escalates to an ingredient-origin and process-water investigation and is a Standards Ratchet surveillance input under Governance Policy section 12, not a standalone number. Why cadmium is limited →
Cite this standard
Pendergrass, K. “Coffee.” In Heavy Metal Tested & Certified (HMTc) Beverages standard, version 1.0. Institute of Contaminant Standards (ICS), 2026. DOI: registration pending.
The literature baseline for every analyte is maintained independently at the Heavy Metal Index. This certification standard applies those findings; the two are kept editorially separate by design.